What characteristic is NOT associated with the psychological construction of childhood?

The characteristic that is not associated with the psychological construction of childhood is reflective norms and values from various societies. The psychological construction of childhood focuses primarily on individual cognitive and emotional development stages, which are often outlined as defined stages. This framework underscores how children develop particular cognitive abilities and emotional understanding as they grow. Additionally, scientific definitions of childhood seek to establish parameters based on research and empirical understanding, providing a more structured approach to defining child development.

While societal norms and values certainly influence perceptions and experiences of childhood, they do not form a core aspect of the psychological construction itself. Instead, such norms are more about cultural context rather than the intrinsic psychological frameworks that define how childhood is understood within developmental psychology. Therefore, the primary focus remains on measurable, cognitive, and emotional developmental milestones that characterize the psychological theories surrounding childhood. This distinguishes the concept from a broader sociocultural approach, which would encompass reflective norms and values.